东亚和太平洋上空平均垂直环流----(一)夏季   总被引：23，自引：9，他引：23  

叶笃正  杨广基  王兴东 《大气科学》1979,3(1):1-11

本文利用中央气象局出版的《北半球高空气候图集》中的风场资料,计算了50°E—130°W,0°—50°N范围内,七月平均850mb—100mb各标准层上的垂直运动,分析了不同区域的经向和纬向垂直环流的特点。指出:夏季130°E以西的低纬度为巨大的西南季风环流区,此外在高原的南北两侧还各存在一较小的经向环流圈,影响着高原附近的天气和气候;160°E以东的中低纬度的海洋上空为经典的Hadley环流所控制,其强度和影响的范围自西向东递增;由于青藏高原地形及夏季的热源作用,使其与西半球,南半球和中东太平洋的天气系统产生遥相关;平均直接从青藏高原上升的气流对西太平洋副高的贡献不大,而平均从西边直接下沉到西太平洋副高的气流是从高原以东的大陆上升的。最后根据计算和分析结果给出了青藏高原及其邻近地区三维空间的垂直环流示意图。  相似文献   

近年来我国大气科学研究的进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

叶笃正 《大气科学》1979,3(3):195-202

由于生产和军事上的需要,又有新技术尤其是电子计算机和卫星技术的引进,以及与其他科学特别是海洋学与数学等的互相渗透,近二、三十年来,大气科学有了飞跃的进展。自六十年代中期到七十年代中期,我国科学虽然连续遭到林彪和“四人帮”的严重破坏,但由于各级大气科学工作者对他们的反革命修正主义路线的坚决抵制,近年来我国大气科  相似文献   

加热白云母的穆斯堡尔效应及光学吸收光谱的研究          下载免费PDF全文

李哲  戴长禄  叶大年  赫伟  于莉 《地质科学》1986,(4):358-364

近年来,层状硅酸盐加热后氧化态的变化以及阳离子在各晶位的迁移引起了人们的兴趣,由于穆斯堡尔效应和光学吸收光谱是测定铁以及某些过渡族离子的氧化状态变化及位置分布的最有效的方法,因此,一些研究主要集中在黑云母等层状硅酸盐的穆斯堡尔效应和光学吸收光谱的研究上(Tripathi et al.,1978;Hogg et al.,1975)。  相似文献   

The extent of oxygen isotope exchange between clay minerals and sea water     

Hsueh-Wen Yeh  Samuel M. Savin 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1976,40(7):743-748

The extent of oxygen isotopic exchange between detrital clay minerals and sea water was investigated by analyzing $\text{O}{}^{18}\text{O}{}^{16}$ ratios of separated fine-grained size fractions of deep-sea sediments from three North Pacific ocean cores. Isotopic results were interpreted according to models based on the assumption that the extent of isotopic exchange should increase with decreasing particle size and increasing time of exchange between the sediment and sea water. The data indicate that information concerning the provenance and mode of formation of detrital clay minerals can be obtained from the $\text{O}{}^{18}\text{O}{}^{16}$ ratios of the coarser-than-0.1 μm fraction of deep-sea sediments younger than several million years and the finer-than-0.1 μm fraction of deep-sea sediments younger than several tens of thousands of years. Furthermore, if the extent of chemical reaction between detrital clays and sea water is similar to the extent of oxygen isotopic exchange, such reaction may be important in regulating the chemistry of sea water.  相似文献   

Chemical character of return irrigation water in tropical volcanic islands     

Stanley N. Davis  José Jiménez Suárez 《Environmental Geology》1975,1(2):69-73

Unequivocal identification of irrigation return water through routine chemical analyses does not appear possible in tropical volcanic islands. Several constituents, nevertheless, will suggest an agricultural source if they are present in large concentrations. Nitrate is the most useful indicator; background concentrations are generally less than 2 ppm but return irrigation water will commonly have concentrations of between 5 and 50 ppm. Sulfate appears to be the next most useful indicator. Calcium, silica, and bicarbonate have also been reported to be significant. Where detailed studies have been made of agricultural water balances, regional ground-water flow directions, and deep-well hydraulics, hydrochemistry can provide critical supporting data for the identification of return irrigation water which could be a potential ground-water pollutant.  相似文献   

中纬度对流层上部的能量变化     

叶笃正  徐淑英 《气象学报》1953,24(1):193-203

能量在大气中是一个主要的因素,大气中一切的现象之所以能发生,都是因为大气有适当的能量的供给和变化。大气中能量的式样很多,不同式样的能力有不同的重要性,研究各种式样的能力的多寡和它的变化是很有意义的,因为大气环流  相似文献   

Editorial     

Jim  Best  Chris  Fielding  Ian  Jarvis  Peter  Mozley 《Sedimentology》2002,49(4):643-643

  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Trevor Langford‐Smith  Jim Walmsley  Sue Baker  Edward Linacre  Philip Hirsch  Nigel Thrift 《The Australian geographer》1989,20(2):202-216

GRIFFITH TAYLOR: Antarctic scientist and pioneer geographer (Carleton Library Series No. 145) by M. Sanderson. 15 x 23 cm, xi and 218 pages. Carleton University Press: Ottawa 1988 (ISBN 0 88629 068 6) $C24.95 (hard); (ISBN 0 88629 068 X) $C14.95 (soft) plus postage.

LAND, WATER AND PEOPLE: Geographical essays in Australian resource management edited by R. L. Heathcote and J. A. Mabbutt. 14 x 21 cm, xiii and 266 pages. Allen & Unwin: Sydney 1988 (ISBN 0 04 303008 4) $A24.95 (soft).

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY: Book One by J. Paine, H. McLean and G. Mayhew. 19 x 25 cm, 389 pages. Macmillan: Melbourne 1988 (ISBN 0 333 43073 5) $A28.95 (soft).

Climate Impact Assessment Program (1975) Impacts of climate change on the biosphere, Monograph No. 5, US Department of Transportation, Washington DC.

SMALL‐SCALE AGRICULTURE edited by J. Hirst, J. Overton, B. Allen and Y. Byron. 18 x 25 cm, xii and 210 pages. Commonwealth Geographical Bureau and Department of Human Geography, Australian National University: Canberra 1988 (ISBN 0 7316 3609 0) $A 10.00 (soft).

THE BRITTLE RIM: Finance, Business and the Pacific Region by M. T. Daly and M. I. Logan. 15 × 23 cm, 263 pages, Penguin Books: Ring‐wood 1989 (ISBN 0 14 012095 5) $A24.99 (soft)

THE END OF ORGANISED CAPITALISM by S. Lash and J. Urry. 15 x 23cm, 383 pages. Polity Press: Cambridge 1987 (ISBN 07456 00697) $A34.95 (soft).

THE POLITICS OF DEVELOPMENT: An Introduction to Global Issues by J. L. Seitz. 15 x 23 cm, xiii and 194 pages. Basil Blackwell: New York 1988 (ISBN 0 631 15801 4) $A27.95 (soft).

DEVELOPING WITH FOREIGN INVESTMENT edited by V. Cable and B. Persaud. 16 x 24 cm, viii and 327 pages. Croom Helm: London 1987 (ISBN 0 7099 4825 5) $A87.95 (hard).

PLANNING SYDNEY'S FUTURE by P. Spearritt and C. DeMarco, 21 x 27 cm, and 150 pages. Allen & Unwin: Sydney 1988 (ISBN 0 04 324014 3) $A17.95 (soft).

THE RICHEST LODE: Broken Hill 1888–1988 by R. J. Solomon. 22 x 28 cm, 424 pages. Hale & Iremonger: Sydney 1988 (ISBN 0 86806 333 9).

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN DEVELOPMENT (North Australia: Progress and Prospects, Volume 1) edited by D. Wade‐Marshall and P. Loveday. xiii and 310 pages. North Australia Research Unit, Australian National University: Darwin 1988 (ISBN 07315 0335 X).

NEW CALEDONIA OR KANAKY? The Political History of a French Colony (Pacific Research Monograph No. 16) by J. Connell. National Centre for Development Studies, Australian National University: Canberra 1987 (ISBN 0 7315 05123).

DISEASE ECOLOGY by Andrew Learmonth. 15 x 23 cm, 456 pages. Basil Blackwell: Oxford 1988 (ISBN 0 631 15799 9) $A46.00 (soft).

QUALITATIVE METHODS IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY edited by J. Eyles and D. M. Smith. 15 x 23 cm, xiii and 272 pages. Polity Press: Cambridge 1988 (ISBN 0 7456 0371 8) $A34.95 (soft).

GEOGRAPHICAL SYSTEMS AND SYSTEMS OF GEOGRAPHY: Essays in Honour of William Warntz edited by W. J. Coffey. 14 x 21 cm, 211 pages. Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario: London, Ontario 1988 (ISBN 0 7714 09747) $C30.00 (soft).  相似文献   

Characterization of slip zone associated with the 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake: X-ray CT image analyses and microstructural observations of the Taiwan Chelungpu fault     

Tetsuro Hirono  Masumi Sakaguchi  Kenshiro Otsuki  Hiroki Sone  Koichiro Fujimoto  Toshiaki Mishima  Weiren Lin  Wataru Tanikawa  Masaharu Tanimizu  Wonn Soh  En-Chao Yeh  Sheng-Rong Song 《Tectonophysics》2008,449(1-4):63-84

To characterize the fault-related rocks within the Chelungpu fault, we performed X-ray computed tomography (CT) image analyses and microstructural observations of Hole B core samples from the Taiwan Chelungpu-fault Drilling Project. We identified the slip zone associated with the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, within the black gouge zone in the shallowest major fault zone, by comparison with previous reports. The slip zone was characterized by low CT number, cataclastic (or ultracataclastic) texture, and high possibility to have experienced a mechanically fluidized state. Taking these characteristics and previous reports of frictional heating in the slip zone into consideration, we suggested that thermal pressurization was the most likely dynamic weakening mechanism during the earthquake.  相似文献   

Multiphase flow modeling with general boundary conditions and automatic phase-configuration changes using a fractional-flow approach     

Heejun Suk  Gour-Tsyh Yeh 《Computational Geosciences》2008,12(4):541-571

The multiphase flow simulator moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method is developed based on the fractional-flow approach, originated in the petroleum engineering literature, considering the fully three-phase flow with general boundary conditions. The fractional flow approach employs water saturation, total liquid saturation, and total pressure as primary variables. Most existing models based upon fractional flow are limited to two-phase flow and specific boundary conditions. Although there appear a number of three-phase flow models, they were mostly developed using pressure-based approaches, which require variable-switch techniques to deal with phase appearance and disappearance. The use of fractional flow-based approaches in MPS makes it unnecessary to use variable-switching to handle the change of phase configurations because the water saturation, total liquid saturation, and total pressure exist throughout the solution domain regardless of whether certain phases are present or not. Furthermore, most existing fractional flow-based models consider only specific boundary conditions, usually Dirichlet-type pressure for water phase and flux-type boundary for nonaqueous phase liquid or particular combinations for individual phase. However, the present model considers general boundary conditions of ten most possible and plausible cases. The first eight cases are the combinations of the phase pressure or the phase flux of each of the three individual phases. The other two cases are the variable boundary conditions: one for water-medium interface and the other for the air-medium interface when the directions of fluxes are not known a priori. Thus, the model’s capabilities of handling general boundary conditions extend the simulators’ usefulness in the field system.  相似文献